Browsing by Author "Djedjig, Nabil"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Deep learning in pervasive health monitoring, design goals, applications, and architectures: An overview and a brief synthesis
    (Elsevier, 2021-11) Boulemtafes, Amine; Khemissa, Hamza; Derki, Mohamed Saddek; Amira, Abdelouahab; Djedjig, Nabil
    The continuous growth of an aging population in some countries, and patients with chronic conditions needs the development of efficient solutions for healthcare. Pervasive Health Monitoring (PHM) is an important pervasive computing application that has the potential to provide patients with a high-quality medical service and enable quick-response alerting of critical conditions. To that end, PHM enables continuous and ubiquitous monitoring of patients' health and wellbeing using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as wearables and ambient sensors. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has attracted a growing interest from the research community to improve PHM applications. In this paper, we discuss the state-of-the-art of DL-based PHM, through identifying, (1) the main PHM applications where DL is successful, (2) design goals and objectives of using DL in PHM, and (3) design notes including DL architectures and data preprocessing. Finally, main advantages, limitations and challenges of the adoption of DL in PHM are discussed.
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    Evaluation of the impacts of Sybil attacks against RPL under mobility
    (CERIST, 2014-06) Medjek, Faiza; Tandjaoui, Djamel; Djedjig, Nabil
    The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol standardized for constrained environments such as 6LoWPAN networks, and is considered as the routing protocol of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, this protocol is subject to several attacks that have been analyzed on static case. Nevertheless, IoT will likely present dynamic and mobile applications. In this paper, we introduce potential security threats on RPL, in particular Sybil attacks when the Sybil nodes are mobile. In addition, we present an analysis and a discussion on how network performances can be affected. Our analysis shows, under Sybil attacks while nodes are mobile, that the performances of RPL are highly affected compared to the static case. In fact, we notice a decrease in the rate of packet delivery, and an increase in control messages overhead. As a result, energy consumption at constrained nodes increases. Our proposed attacks demonstrate that Sybil mobile nodes can easily disrupt RPL and overload the network with fake messages making it unavailable. Based on the obtained results we provide some recommendations to tackle this issue.
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    Fault-tolerant AI-driven Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things
    (Elsevier, 2021-09) Medjek, Faiza; Tandjaoui, Djamel; Djedjig, Nabil; Romdhani, Imed
    Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key component of all advanced critical infrastructures. However, with the challenging nature of IoT, new security breaches have been introduced, especially against the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Artificial-Intelligence-based technologies can be used to provide insights to deal with IoT’s security issues. In this paper, we describe the initial stages of developing, a new Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning (ML) to detect routing attacks against RPL. We first simulate the routing attacks and capture the traffic for different topologies. We then process the traffic and generate large 2-class and multi-class datasets. We select a set of significant features for each attack, and we use this set to train different classifiers to make the IDS. The experiments with 5-fold cross-validation demonstrated that decision tree (DT), random forests (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) achieved good results of more than 99% value for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, and RF has achieved the lowest fitting time. On the other hand, Deep Learning (DL) model, MLP, Naïve Bayes (NB), and Logistic Regression (LR) have shown significantly lower performance.
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    Multicast DIS attack mitigation in RPL-based IoT-LLNs
    (Elsevier, 2021-09) Medjek, Faiza; Tandjaoui, Djamel; Djedjig, Nabil; Romdhani, Imed
    The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was standardised by the IETF ROLL Working Group to address the routing issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL builds and maintains a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) topology using pieces of information propagated within the DODAG Information Object (DIO) control message. When a node intends to join the DODAG, it either waits for DIO or sends a DODAG Information Solicitation (DIS) control message Multicast to solicit DIOs from nearby nodes. Nevertheless, sending Multicast DIS messages resets the timer that regulates the transmission rate of DIOs to its minimum value, which leads to the network’s congestion with control messages. Because of the resource-constrained nature of RPL-LLNs, the lack of tamper resistance, and the security gaps of RPL, malicious nodes can exploit the Multicast DIS solicitation mechanism to trigger an RPL-specification-based attack, named DIS attack. The DIS attack can have severe consequences on RPL networks, especially on control packets overhead and power consumption. In this paper, we use the Cooja–Contiki simulator to assess the DIS attack’s effects on both static and dynamic PRL networks. Besides, we propose and implement a novel approach, namely RPL-MRC, to improve the RPL’s resilience against DIS Multicast. RPL-MRC aims to reduce the response to DIS Multicast messages. Simulation results demonstrate how the attack could damage the network performance by significantly increasing the control packets overhead and power consumption. On the other hand, the RPL-MRC proposed mechanism shows a significant enhancement in reducing the control overhead and power consumption for different scenarios.
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    Trust management in IoT routing protocol
    (CERIST, 2015-04-19) Djedjig, Nabil; Tandjaoui, Djamel; Medjek, Faiza
    The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol standardized for constrained environments such as 6LoWPAN networks, and is considered as the routing protocol of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, this protocol is subject to several internal and external attacks. In this paper, we investigate a trust management protocol in RPL. Our idea of trust management in RPL is to establish a dynamic trust relationship between the different nodes involved in routing. In fact, RPL organizes a logical representation of the network topology using control messages. In our proposed protocol, we strengthen RPL by adding a new trustworthiness metric during RPL construction and maintenance. This metric allows a node to decide whether or not to trust the other nodes during the construction of the topology.
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    Trust-aware and cooperative routing protocol for IoT security
    (2020-06) Djedjig, Nabil; Tandjaoui, Djamel; Medjek, Faiza; Romdhani, Imed
    The resource-constrained nature of IoT objects makes the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) vulnerable to several attacks. Although RPL specification provides encryption protection to control messages, RPL is still vulnerable to internal attackers and selfish behaviours. To address the lack of robust security mechanisms in RPL, we design a new Metric-based RPL Trustworthiness Scheme (MRTS) that introduces trust evaluation for secure routing topology construction. Extensive simulations show that MRTS is efficient in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, nodes’ rank changes, and throughput. In addition, a mathematical modelling analysis shows that MRTS meets the requirements of consistency, optimality, and loop-freeness and that the proposed trust-based routing metric has the isotonicity and monotonicity properties required for a routing protocol. By using game theory concepts, we formally describe MRTS as a strategy for the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma and demonstrate its cooperation enforcement characteristic. Both mathematical analysis and evolutionary simulation results show clearly that MRTS, as a strategy, is an efficient approach in promoting the stability and the evolution of the Internet of Things network.