Browsing by Author "Kafi, Mohamed Amine"

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    A Novel transport protocol for wireless mesh networks
    (Journal of Networking Technology, 2011-04-10) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Tandjaoui, Djamel
    Throughput is the main concern in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The standard congestion control mechanism of TCP[7] is not able to handle the special properties of a shared wireless multi-hop channel well. Given that the unreliable wireless links and congestion are likely to be the source of throughput degradation in the network, reliable transport protocol conception dealing with wireless links properties can significantly improve the performance of such networks. This paper presents a novel transport protocol called MTCP, which covers these needs. Simulation results show that MTCP outperform TCP and its ad-hoc wireless variants in terms of reliability and congestion control.
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    A study of Wireless Sensor Network Architectures and Projects for Traffic Light Monitoring
    (CERIST, 2012) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Badache, Nadjib; Challal, Yacine; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Djenouri, Djamel
    Vehicular traffic is increasing around the world, especially in urban areas. This increase results in a huge traffic congestion, which has dramatic consequences on economy, human health, and environment. Traditional methods used for traffic management, surveillance and control become inefficient in terms of performance, cost, maintenance, and support, with the increased traffic. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an emergent technology with an effective potential to overcome these difficulties, and will have a great added value to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) overall. In this survey, we review traffic light projects and solutions. We discuss their architectural and engineering challenges, and shed some light on the future trends as well.
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    A study of Wireless Sensor Network Architectures and Projects for Traffic Light Monitoring
    (Elsevier, 2012-08-27) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Challal, Yacine; Djenouri, Djamel; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Badache, Nadjib
    Vehicular traffic is increasing around the world, especially in urban areas. This increase results in a huge traffic congestion, which has dramatic consequences on economy, human health, and environment. Traditional methods used for traffic management, surveillance and control become inefficient in terms of performance, cost, maintenance, and support, with the increased traffic. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an emergent technology with an effective potential to overcome these difficulties, and will have a great added value to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) overall. In this survey, we review traffic light projects and solutions. We discuss their architectural and engineering challenges, and shed some light on the future trends as well.
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    A Study of Wireless Sensor Networks for Urban Traffic Monitoring: Applications and Architectures
    (Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 2013-06-26) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Challal, Yacine; Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Badache, Nadjib
    With the constant increasing of vehicular traffic around the world, especially in urban areas, existing traffic management solutions become inefficient. This can be clearly seen in our life through persistent traffic jam and rising number of accidents. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) based intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as a cost effective technology that bear a pivotal potential to overcome these difficulties. This technology enables a new broad range of smart city applications around urban sensing including traffic safety, traffic congestion control, road state monitoring, vehicular warning services, and parking management. This manuscript gives a comprehensive review on WSN based ITS solutions. The main contribution of this paper is to classify current WSNs based ITS projects from the application perspective, with discussions on the fulfillment of the application requirements.
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    A survey on Wireless Sensor Networks for Urban Traffic Monitoring: Applications and Architectures
    (CERIST, 2012) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Badache, Nadjib; Challal, Yacine; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Djenouri, Djamel
    Vehicular traffic is increasing around the world, especially in urban areas. This increase results in a huge traffic congestion, which has dramatic consequences on economy, human health, and environment. Traditional methods used for traffic management, surveillance and control become inefficient in terms of performance, cost, maintenance, and support, with the increased traffic. Wireless sensor networking (WSN) is an emergent technology with an effective potential to overcome these difficulties, which will have a great added value to intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This technology enables a new broad range of smart city applications around urban sensing. This includes a variety of applications such as traffic safety, traffic congestion control, road state monitoring, vehicular safety warning services, and parking lots management. In this survey, a review on traffic management projects and solutions is provided. The architectural and engineering challenges are discussed, and some future trends are highlighted.
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    An Oscillation-Based Algorithm for Reliable Vehicle Detection with Magnetic Sensors
    (CERIST, 2016-02-25) Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Kafi, Mohamed Amine
    Vehicle monitoring using a wireless sensor network is considered in this paper, where a new algorithm is proposed for vehicle detection with magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm is based on processing the magnetic signal and thoroughly analyzing the number/direction of its oscillations. The main feature of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art ones is its capability to detect vehicles with different shapes of signatures, while most state-of-the-art algorithms assume regular shapes of signatures. This makes the algorithm effective with all types of magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on Micaz sensor motes and tested in real word scenarios. Results show reliability beyond 93% in all samples, and more than 95% in most of them.
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    An oscillation-based algorithm for reliable vehicle detection with magnetic sensors
    (IEEE, 2016-04) Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Kafi, Mohamed Amine
    Vehicle monitoring using a wireless sensor network is considered in this paper, where a new algorithm is proposed for vehicle detection with magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm is based on processing the magnetic signal and thoroughly analyzing the number/direction of its oscillations. The main feature of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art ones is its capability to detect vehicles with different shapes of signatures, while most state-of-the-art algorithms assume regular shapes of signatures. This makes the algorithm effective with all types of magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on MICAz sensor motes and tested in real world scenarios. Results show reliability beyond 93% in all samples, and more than 95% in most of them.
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    CCS_WHMS: A Congestion Control Scheme for Wearable Health Management System
    (Springer Link, 2015-10-21) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Ben Othman, Jalel; Bagaa, Miloud; Badache, Nadjib
    Wearable computing is becoming a more and more attracting field in the last years thanks to the miniaturisation of electronic devices. Wearable healthcare monitoring systems (WHMS) as an important client of wearable computing technology has gained a lot. Indeed, the wearable sensors and their surrounding healthcare applications bring a lot of benefits to patients, elderly people and medical staff, so facilitating their daily life quality. But from a research point of view, there is still work to accomplish in order to overcome the gap between hardware and software parts. In this paper, we target the problem of congestion control when all these healthcare sensed data have to reach the destination in a reliable manner that avoids repetitive transmission which wastes precious energy or leads to loss of important information in emergency cases, too. We propose a congestion control scheme CCS_WHMS that ensures efficient and fair data delivery while used in the body wearable system part or in the multi-hop inter bodies wearable ones to get the destination. As the congestion detection paradigm is very important in the control process, we do experimental tests to compare between state of the art congestion detection methods, using MICAz motes, in order to choose the appropriate one for our scheme.
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    CCS_WHMS: A Congestion Control Scheme for Wearable Health Management System
    (Springer US, 2015-12) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Ben Othman, Jalel; Bagaa, Miloud; Badache, Nadjib
    Wearable computing is becoming a more and more attracting field in the last years thanks to the miniaturisation of electronic devices. Wearable healthcare monitoring systems (WHMS) as an important client of wearable computing technology has gained a lot. Indeed, the wearable sensors and their surrounding healthcare applications bring a lot of benefits to patients, elderly people and medical staff, so facilitating their daily life quality. But from a research point of view, there is still work to accomplish in order to overcome the gap between hardware and software parts. In this paper, we target the problem of congestion control when all these healthcare sensed data have to reach the destination in a reliable manner that avoids repetitive transmission which wastes precious energy or leads to loss of important information in emergency cases, too. We propose a congestion control scheme CCS_WHMS that ensures efficient and fair data delivery while used in the body wearable system part or in the multi-hop inter bodies wearable ones to get the destination. As the congestion detection paradigm is very important in the control process, we do experimental tests to compare between state of the art congestion detection methods, using MICAz motes, in order to choose the appropriate one for our scheme.
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    Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
    (2014-03-05) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Badache, Nadjib
    The performance of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is affected by the lossy communication medium, application diversity, dense deployment, limited processing power and storage capacity, frequent topology change. All these limitations provide significant and unique design challenges to data transport control in wireless sensor networks. An effective transport protocol should consider reliable message delivery, energy-efficiency, quality of service and congestion control. The latter is vital for achieving a high throughput and a long network lifetime. Despite the huge number of protocols proposed in the literature, congestion control in WSN remains challenging. A review and taxonomy of the state-of-the-art protocols from the literature up to 2013 is provided in this paper. First, depending on the control policy, the protocols are divided into resource control vs. traffic control. Traffic control protocols are either reactive or preventive (avoiding). Reactive solutions are classified following the reaction scale, while preventive solutions are split up into buffer limitation vs. interference control. Resource control protocols are classified according to the type of resource to be tuned.
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    Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments
    (CERIST, 2014-07-07) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Badache, Nadjib
    Event based applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to tra c congestion, where unpredicted event detection yields simultaneous generation of tra c at spatially co-related nodes, and its propagation towards the sink. This results in loss of information and waste energy. Early congestion detection is thus of high importance in such WSN applications to avoid the propagation of such a problem and to reduce its consequences. Di erent detection metrics are used in the congestion control literature. However, a comparative study that investigates the di erent metrics in real sensor motes environment is missing. This paper focuses on this issue and compares some detection metrics in a testbed network with MICAz motes. Results show the e ectiveness of each method in di erent scenarios and concludes that the combination of bu er length and channel load constitute the better candidate for early and fictive detection.
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    Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments
    (Elsevier, 2014) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Badache, Nadjib
    Event based applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to traffic congestion, where unpredicted event detection yields simultaneous generation of traffic at spatially co-related nodes, and its propagation towards the sink. This results in loss of information and waste energy. Early congestion detection is thus of high importance in such WSN applications to avoid the propagation of such a problem and to reduce its consequences. Different detection metrics are used in the congestion control literature. However, a comparative study that investigates the different metrics in real sensor motes environment is missing. This paper focuses on this issue and compares some detection metrics in a testbed network with MICAz motes. Results show the effectiveness of each method in different scenarios and concludes that the combination of buffer length and channel load constitute the better candidate for early and fictive detection.
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    Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments
    (Elsevier, 2014-09) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Badache, Nadjib
    Event based applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to traffic congestion, where unpredicted event detection yields simultaneous generation of traffic at spatially co-related nodes, and its propagation towards the sink. This results in loss of information and waste energy. Early congestion detection is thus of high importance in such WSN applications to avoid the propagation of such a problem and to reduce its consequences. Different detection metrics are used in the congestion control literature. However, a comparative study that investigates the different metrics in real sensor motes environment is missing. This paper focuses on this issue and compares some detection metrics in a testbed network with MICAz motes. Results show the effectiveness of each method in different scenarios and concludes that the combination of buffer length and channel load constitute the better candidate for early and fictive detection.
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    DZ50: Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Mote Platform for Low Data Rate Applications
    (CERIST, 2014-07-07) Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Lasla, Noureddine; Bagaa, Miloud; Doudou, Messaoud; Zizoua, Cherif; Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Derhab, Abdelouahid; Djenouri, Djamel; Badache, Nadjib
    A low cost and energy efficient wireless sensor mote platform for low data rate monitoring applications is presented. The new platform, named DZ50, is based on the ATmega328P micro-controller and the RFM12b transceiver, which consume very low energy in low-power mode. Considerable energy saving can be achieved by reducing the power consumption during inactive (sleep) mode, notably in low data rate applications featured by long inactive periods. Without loss of generality, spot monitoring in a Smart Parking System (SPS) and soil moisture in a Precision Irrigation System (PIS) are selected as typical representative of low data rate applications. The performance of the new platform is investigated for typical scenarios of the selected applications and compared with that of MicaZ and TelosB. Energy measurement has been carried out for different network operation states and settings, where the results reveal that the proposed platform allows to multiply the battery lifetime up to 7 times compared to MicaZ and TelosB motes in 10s sampling period scenarios.
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    DZ50: Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Mote Platform for Low Data Rate Applications
    (Elsevier, 2014) Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Lasla, Noureddine; Bagaa, Miloud; Doudou, Messaoud; Zizoua, Cherif; Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Derhab, Abdelouahid; Djenouri, Djamel; Badache, Nadjib
    A low cost and energy e_cient wireless sensor mote platform for low data rate monitoring applications is presented. The new platform, named DZ50, is based on the ATmega328P micro-controller and the RFM12b transceiver, which consume very low energy in low-power mode. Considerable energy saving can be achieved by reducing the power consumption during inactive (sleep) mode, notably in low data rate applications featured by long inactive periods. Without loss of generality, spot monitoring in a Smart Parking System (SPS) and soil moisture in a Precision Irrigation System (PIS) are selected as typical representative of low data rate applications. The performance of the new platform is investigated for typical scenarios of the selected applications and compared with that of MicaZ and TelosB. Energy measurements have been carried out for di_erent network operation states and settings, where the results reveal that the proposed platform allows to multiply the battery lifetime up to 7 times compared to MicaZ and TelosB motes in 10s sampling period scenarios.
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    Interference-aware Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (Elsevier, 2014-09) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Bagaa, Miloud; Lasla, Noureddine; Badache, Nadjib
    This paper deals with congestion and interference control in wireless sensor networks (WSN), which is essential for improving the throughput and saving the scarce energy in networks where nodes have different capacities and traffic patterns. A scheme called IACC (Interference-Aware Congestion Control) is proposed. It allows maximizing link capacity utilization for each node by controlling congestion and interference. This is achieved through fair maximum rate control of interfering nodes in inter and intra paths of hot spots. The proposed protocol has been evaluated by simulation, where the results rival the effectiveness of our scheme in terms of energy saving and throughput. In particular, the results demonstrate the protocol scalability and considerable reduction of packet loss that allow to achieve as high packet delivery ratio as 80% for large networks.
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    Interference-Aware Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2014-07-07) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Bagaa, Miloud; Lasla, Noureddine; Badache, Nadjib
    This paper deals with congestion and interference control in wireless sensor networks (WSN), which is essential for improving the throughput and saving the scarce energy in networks where nodes have di erent capacities and tra c patterns. A scheme called IACC (Interference-Aware Congestion Control ) is proposed. It allows maximizing link capacity utilization for each node by controlling congestion and interference. This is achieved through fair maximum rate control of interfering nodes in inter and intra paths of hot spots. The proposed protocol has been evaluated by simulation, where the results rival the e ectiveness of our scheme in terms of energy saving and throughput. In particular, the results demonstrate the protocol scalability and considerable reduction of packet loss that allows to achieve as high packet delivery ratio as 80% for large networks.
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    MTCP: a new transport protocol for wireless mesh networks
    (CERIST, 2011-01) Kafi, Mohamed Amine
    Throughput is the main concern in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The standard congestion control mechanism of TCP[7] is not able to handle the special properties of a shared wireless multi-hop channel well. Given that the unreliable wireless links and congestion are likely to be the source of throughput degradation in the network, reliable transport protocol conception dealing with wireless links properties can significantly improve the performance of such networks. This paper presents a novel transport protocol called MTCP, which covers these needs. Simulation results show that MTCP outperform TCP and its ad-hoc wireless variants in terms of reliability and congestion control.
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    Performance analysis and evaluation of REFIACC using queuing networks
    (Elsevier, 2017-02) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Ben Othman, Jalel; Mokdad, Lynda; Badache, Nadjib
    Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) utilisation is characterised by its dense deployment in order to fulfil the monitoring tasks. This density of communication leads to interference and congestion. In a previous work, a schedule scheme dubbed REFIACC (Reliable, Efficient, Fair and Interference Aware Congestion Control), that takes into account interferences and different links capacities in order to avoid packet loss due congestion, was proposed. REFIACC idea was validated using comparative simulations. In this study, REFIACC scheduling scheme was modelled using Markov chains. The modelling concerns queue length evolution and global system throughput. Different hypothesis details for queue length monitoring, according to application motivation, have led to many variants of models. The evaluation of the model using MATLAB has shown its effectiveness concerning packet reception ratio and reception overhead.
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    REFIACC: Reliable, Efficient, Fair and Interference-Aware Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (Elsevier, 2016-05-28) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Bagaa, Miloud; Badache, Nadjib
    The recent wireless sensor network applications are resource greedy in terms of throughput and network reliability. However, the wireless shared medium leads to links interferences in addition to wireless losses due to the harsh environment. The effect of these two points translates on differences in links bandwidth capacities, lack of reliability and throughput degradation. In this study, we tackle the problem of throughput maximization by proposing an efficient congestion control-based schedule algorithm, dubbed REFIACC (Reliable, Efficient, Fair and Interference-Aware Congestion Control) protocol. REFIACC prevents the interferences and ensures a high fairness of bandwidth utilization among sensor nodes by scheduling the communications. The congestion and the interference in inter and intra paths hot spots are mitigated through tacking into account the dissimilarity between links' capacities at the scheduling process. Linear programming is used to reach optimum utilization efficiency of the maximum available bandwidth. REFIACC has been evaluated by simulation and compared with two pertinent works. The results show that the proposed solution outperforms the others in terms of throughput and reception ratio (more than 80%) and can scale for large networks.