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End date: 2015Subject: search.filters.subject.Wireless Sensor Networks

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    BA: Game Theoretical Approach for Energy-Delay Balancing in Distributed Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols of Wireless Networks
    (ACM, 2014-07-14) Doudou, Messaoud; M. Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose; Djenouri, Djamel; Garcia-Vidal, Jorge; Badache, Nadjib
    Optimizing energy consumption and end-to-end (e2e) packet delay in energy constrained distributed wireless networks is a conflicting multi-objective optimization problem. This paper investigates this trade-off from a game-theoretic perspective, where the two optimization objectives are considered as virtual game players that attempt to optimize their utility values. The cost model of each player is mapped through a generalized optimization framework onto protocol specific MAC parameters. A cooperative game is then defined, in which the Nash Bargaining solution assures the balance between energy consumption and e2e packet delay. For illustration, this formulation is applied to three state-of-the-art wireless sensor network MAC protocols; X-MAC, DMAC, and LMAC as representatives of preamble sampling, slotted contention-based, and frame-based MAC categories, respectively. The paper shows the effectiveness of such framework in optimizing protocol parameters for achieving a fair energy-delay performance trade-off, under the application requirements in terms of initial energy budget and maximum e2e packet delay. The proposed framework is scalable with the increase in the number of nodes, as the players represent the optimization metrics instead of nodes.
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    Modified Elastic Routing to support Sink Mobility Characteristics in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2015-04-12) Benkhelifa, Imane; Belmouloud, Nassim; Moussaoui, Tabia
    This paper presents improvements for the geographic routing protocol Elastic so to support the different sink mobility characteristics. We have proposed a strategy to support multiple mobile sinks; tested Elastic under high speeds of the mobile sink; proposed two strategies in case of the sink temporary absence and finally proposed to predict the sink location by the source node and then by all the nodes. Simulation results show that our propositions improve much the delivery ratio and reduce the delivery delay.
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    Performance Analysis of Sinks Mobility in Geographic Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2015-04-12) Benkhelifa, Imane; Belmouloud, Nassim; Tabia, Yasmina; Moussaoui, Samira
    This paper presents a performance analysis of sinks mobility in geographic routing based on performance evaluation of two geographic routing protocols namely GPSR with static sinks and Elastic with mobile sinks. Among the scenarios, we observe also the impact of using multi-mobile-sinks, in addition to the effect of mobility model through changing the sink’s trajectory and speed. We analyze the performance results by calculating the delivery ratio of the transmitted packets, as well as the average delay of transmission and the number of hops necessary to transmit successfully a packet from the source to the sink. We show that mobile sinks can play a major role in prolonging the network lifetime and the efficiency of a geographic routing protocol.
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    Disaster Management Projects using Wireless Sensor Networks
    (Barolli et al., 2014-05-13) Benkhelifa, Imane; Nouali-Taboudjemat, Nadia; Moussaoui, Samira
    There are numerous projects dealing with disaster management and emergency response that use wireless sensor networks technologies. Indeed, WSNs offer a good alternative compared to traditional ad hoc networks. Air pollution monitoring, forest fire detection, landslide detection, natural disaster prevention, industrial sense and control applications, dangerous gas leakage, water level monitoring, vibration detection to prevent an earthquake, radiation monitoring are examples of the WSN applications related to disaster management. This paper presents an overview of the recent projects using WSN to collect data in disaster areas.
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    Disaster Management Projects using Wireless Sensor Networks: An Overview
    (CERIST, 2014-02) Benkhelifa, Imane; Nouali-Taboudjemat, Nadia
    There are numerous projects dealing with disaster management and emergency response that use wireless sensor networks technologies. Indeed, WSNs offer a good alternative compared to traditional ad hoc networks. Air pollution monitoring, forest fire detection, landslide detection, natural disaster prevention, industrial sense and control applications, dangerous gas leakage, water level monitoring, vibration detection to prevent an earthquake, radiation monitoring are examples of the WSN applications related to disaster management. This paper presents an overview of the recent projects using WSN to collect data in disaster areas.
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    Cost Effective Node Deployment Strategy for Energy-Balanced and Delay-Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2014-01-08) Doudou, Messaoud; Djenouri, Djamel; M. Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose; Badache, Nadjib
    The real-world node deployment aspect is investigated, while considering cost minimization for resolving the energy hole around the sink, which represents a serious problem in typical sensor networks with uniform distribution. A novel strategy is proposed that is based on the use of two sinks and a few extra relay nodes close to the sinks’ areas. The traffic is then alternatively sent to the sinks in every other cycle. As a second contribution, an efficient data collection mechanism has been developed to determine the optimal data rate that meets delay requirements of individual sensor reports and improves the network lifetime. The comparison of the proposed node deployment strategy with uniform, non-uniform geometric and linear increase node distributions demonstrates that the cost of the proposed solution is very close to that of the uniform distribution and much lower than all the others, while achieving a load balancing at the same order of the state-of-the-art solutions perspective.
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    Duo-MAC: Energy and Time Constrained Data Delivery MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (2013-07-01) Doudou, Messaoud; Mohammad, Alaei; Djenouri, Djamel; M. Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose; Badache, Nadjib
    We present Duo-MAC, an asynchronous cascading wake-up scheduled MAC protocol for heterogeneous traffic forwarding in low-power wireless networks. Duo-MAC deals with energy-delay minimization problem and copes with transmission latency encountered by Today’s duty-cycled protocols when forwarding heterogeneous traffic types. It switches, according to the energy and delay requirements, between Low Duty cycle (LDC) and High Duty Cycle (HDC) operating modes, and it quietly adjusts the wake-up schedule of a node according to (i) its parent’s wake-up time and (ii) its estimated load, using an effective real-time signal processing linear traffic estimator. As a second contribution, Duo-MAC, proposes a service differentiation through an improved contention window adaptation algorithm to meet delay requirements of heterogeneous traffic classes. Duo- MAC’s efficiency stems from balancing between the two traffic award operation modes. Implementation and experimentation of Duo-MAC on a MicaZ mote platform reveals that the protocol outperforms other state-of-the-art MAC protocols from the energy-delay minimization perspective.
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    Cost Effective Node Deployment Strategy for Energy-Balanced and Delay-Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (2014) Doudou, Messaoud; Djenouri, Djamel; M. Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose; Badache, Nadjib
    The real-world node deployment aspect is investigated, while considering cost minimization for resolving the energy hole around the sink, which represents a serious problem in typical sensor networks with uniform distribution. A novel strategy is proposed that is based on the use of two sinks and a few extra relay nodes close to the sinks' areas. The traffic is then alternatively sent to the sinks in every other cycle. As a second contribution, an efficient data collection mechanism has been developed to determine the optimal data rate that meets delay requirements of sensors and improves the network lifetime. The comparison of the proposed node deployment strategy with uniform, non-uniform geometric and linear increase node distributions demonstrates that the cost of the proposed solution is very close to that of the uniform distribution and much lower than others, while achieving a load balancing at the same order of the state-of-the-art solutions.
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    Distributed Receiver/Receiver Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: New Solution and Joint Offset/Skew Estimators for Gaussian Delays
    (CERIST, 2011-06) Djenouri, Djamel
    This paper proposes a synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The receiver/receiver approach inspired from Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) protocol is chosen for its lower time-critical path compared to the sender/receiver approach. Contrary to RBS upon which rely all current receiver/receiver solutions, the proposed one is totally distributed and does not depend on any fixed reference. The reference’s function is balanced among all sensors, which eliminates the single point of failure shortcomings. RBS needs additional steps for exchanging reception timestamps. On the other hand, the proposed protocol allow these timestamps to be piggybacked to the regular beacons, reducing thus the overhead and energy consumption. The protocol deals with local synchronization and allows neighboring nodes to relatively synchronize with each other by estimating relative skews/offsets. Maximum Likelihood estimators (MLEs) are derived for channels with Gaussian (normal) distributed delays, and for both offset-only and joint offset/skew models. The Cramer- Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) are derived for each model and numerically compared with the MLE. Results show quick convergence of the proposed estimators’ precision to CRLB. Like the CRLB, the mean square errors (MSE) of the estimators quadratically decrease toward zero as the number of messages increases. To our knowledge, this is the first distributed receiver/receiver solution that eliminates the need of a fixed reference while taking advantage of the receiver/receiver synchronization’s precision.
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    Fault-Tolerant Implementation of a Distributed MLE-based Time Synchronization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2012) Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Merabtine, Nassima; Mekahlia, Fatma Zohra
    This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of R4Syn protocol on MICAz platform and TinyOS operating system. The contribution is two folds. First, the implementation uses thorough maximum-likelihood estimators (MLE) in the joint offset/skew model, while all similar MLE-based estimators are merely evaluated with theoretical and numerical analysis thus far, and empirical solutions use simple computation estimators, such as offset-only models, or linear regression for skew estimation. Difficulties that has been encountered and overcome are reported in this paper. The second contribution is to consider fault-tolerance, an aspect that has been completely abstracted in previous works. The implementation assures correct behavior despite nodes failure or packet loss, as demonstrated by the experiments. Experimental results also demonstrate microsecond-level precision and long-term validity of the estimators in the joint skew/offset model.