Geographic Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The number of applications that can benefit from efficient geographic routing is impressive. As a consequence, numerous routing protocols have been developed to better accomplish the routing process according to the application requirements. In this paper, we surveyed about twenty geographic protocols. To better match them with applications, we classified them into four categories: (i) QoS-based protocols which are mainly real-time protocols used to transmit urgent message, (ii) Multipath-based that are protocols allowing transmission of packets over multi paths alternatively or concurrently, (iii) Protocols supporting mobility especially those concerned by routing information towards mobile sinks, we finally presented protocols that consider (iv) localization errors in routing decisions since sensors cannot always get accurate positions.