International Conference Papers
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Item An oscillation-based algorithm for reliable vehicle detection with magnetic sensors(IEEE, 2016-04) Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Kafi, Mohamed AmineVehicle monitoring using a wireless sensor network is considered in this paper, where a new algorithm is proposed for vehicle detection with magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm is based on processing the magnetic signal and thoroughly analyzing the number/direction of its oscillations. The main feature of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art ones is its capability to detect vehicles with different shapes of signatures, while most state-of-the-art algorithms assume regular shapes of signatures. This makes the algorithm effective with all types of magnetic sensors. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on MICAz sensor motes and tested in real world scenarios. Results show reliability beyond 93% in all samples, and more than 95% in most of them.Item Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments(Elsevier, 2014-09) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Badache, NadjibEvent based applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to traffic congestion, where unpredicted event detection yields simultaneous generation of traffic at spatially co-related nodes, and its propagation towards the sink. This results in loss of information and waste energy. Early congestion detection is thus of high importance in such WSN applications to avoid the propagation of such a problem and to reduce its consequences. Different detection metrics are used in the congestion control literature. However, a comparative study that investigates the different metrics in real sensor motes environment is missing. This paper focuses on this issue and compares some detection metrics in a testbed network with MICAz motes. Results show the effectiveness of each method in different scenarios and concludes that the combination of buffer length and channel load constitute the better candidate for early and fictive detection.Item Interference-aware Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks(Elsevier, 2014-09) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Bagaa, Miloud; Lasla, Noureddine; Badache, NadjibThis paper deals with congestion and interference control in wireless sensor networks (WSN), which is essential for improving the throughput and saving the scarce energy in networks where nodes have different capacities and traffic patterns. A scheme called IACC (Interference-Aware Congestion Control) is proposed. It allows maximizing link capacity utilization for each node by controlling congestion and interference. This is achieved through fair maximum rate control of interfering nodes in inter and intra paths of hot spots. The proposed protocol has been evaluated by simulation, where the results rival the effectiveness of our scheme in terms of energy saving and throughput. In particular, the results demonstrate the protocol scalability and considerable reduction of packet loss that allow to achieve as high packet delivery ratio as 80% for large networks.Item Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments(Elsevier, 2014) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Djenouri, Djamel; Ben Othman, Jalel; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Badache, NadjibEvent based applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to traffic congestion, where unpredicted event detection yields simultaneous generation of traffic at spatially co-related nodes, and its propagation towards the sink. This results in loss of information and waste energy. Early congestion detection is thus of high importance in such WSN applications to avoid the propagation of such a problem and to reduce its consequences. Different detection metrics are used in the congestion control literature. However, a comparative study that investigates the different metrics in real sensor motes environment is missing. This paper focuses on this issue and compares some detection metrics in a testbed network with MICAz motes. Results show the effectiveness of each method in different scenarios and concludes that the combination of buffer length and channel load constitute the better candidate for early and fictive detection.Item DZ50: Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Mote Platform for Low Data Rate Applications(Elsevier, 2014) Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Lasla, Noureddine; Bagaa, Miloud; Doudou, Messaoud; Zizoua, Cherif; Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Derhab, Abdelouahid; Djenouri, Djamel; Badache, NadjibA low cost and energy e_cient wireless sensor mote platform for low data rate monitoring applications is presented. The new platform, named DZ50, is based on the ATmega328P micro-controller and the RFM12b transceiver, which consume very low energy in low-power mode. Considerable energy saving can be achieved by reducing the power consumption during inactive (sleep) mode, notably in low data rate applications featured by long inactive periods. Without loss of generality, spot monitoring in a Smart Parking System (SPS) and soil moisture in a Precision Irrigation System (PIS) are selected as typical representative of low data rate applications. The performance of the new platform is investigated for typical scenarios of the selected applications and compared with that of MicaZ and TelosB. Energy measurements have been carried out for di_erent network operation states and settings, where the results reveal that the proposed platform allows to multiply the battery lifetime up to 7 times compared to MicaZ and TelosB motes in 10s sampling period scenarios.Item A Study of Wireless Sensor Networks for Urban Traffic Monitoring: Applications and Architectures(Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 2013-06-26) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Challal, Yacine; Djenouri, Djamel; Doudou, Messaoud; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Badache, NadjibWith the constant increasing of vehicular traffic around the world, especially in urban areas, existing traffic management solutions become inefficient. This can be clearly seen in our life through persistent traffic jam and rising number of accidents. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) based intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as a cost effective technology that bear a pivotal potential to overcome these difficulties. This technology enables a new broad range of smart city applications around urban sensing including traffic safety, traffic congestion control, road state monitoring, vehicular warning services, and parking management. This manuscript gives a comprehensive review on WSN based ITS solutions. The main contribution of this paper is to classify current WSNs based ITS projects from the application perspective, with discussions on the fulfillment of the application requirements.Item A Novel transport protocol for wireless mesh networks(Journal of Networking Technology, 2011-04-10) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Tandjaoui, DjamelThroughput is the main concern in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The standard congestion control mechanism of TCP[7] is not able to handle the special properties of a shared wireless multi-hop channel well. Given that the unreliable wireless links and congestion are likely to be the source of throughput degradation in the network, reliable transport protocol conception dealing with wireless links properties can significantly improve the performance of such networks. This paper presents a novel transport protocol called MTCP, which covers these needs. Simulation results show that MTCP outperform TCP and its ad-hoc wireless variants in terms of reliability and congestion control.Item مرسوم مراقبة التنقل للشبكة اللّاسلكيّة المشبّكة(2011-05-31) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Tandjaoui, Djamelتعدّ الإنتاجية واحدة من بين الاهتمامات الكبرى بالنسبة للشبكة اللاسلكية المشبّكة. إنّ آليّة مراقبة الازدحام المكوّنة لمراسم مراقبة التنقل النموذجية[7] لا يمكنها التحكم بعناية في القنوات اللاسلكية المشتركة المتعددة الخطوات وهذا نظرا للخصائص المتعلقة بهذه الأخيرة. وبالنّظر إلى أن الصلات اللاسلكية غير الوفيّة بطبيعتها والازدحام من المحتمل أن يكونا مصدرا لتدهور الإنتاجية في الشبكة، فإنّ إنشاء مرسوم مراقبة تنقّل موثوق و فعّال آخذ بعين الاعتبار خصائص الوصلات اللاسلكية يمكن أن يحسّن بشكل كبير أداء هذه الشبكات. تعرض هذه الورقة مرسوم مراقبة تنقّل جديد و المسمّى " مرسوم مراقبة التّنقل المشبّك" والذي يضمن الاحتياجات المذكورة أعلاه. نتائج المحاكاة تبين أن المرسوم المشبك يتفوّق على مرسوم مراقبة التنقل النموذجي ومشتقاته الخاصة بالشبكة اللاسلكية و هذا من حيث الموثوقية والتحكم في الازدحام.Item A study of Wireless Sensor Network Architectures and Projects for Traffic Light Monitoring(Elsevier, 2012-08-27) Kafi, Mohamed Amine; Challal, Yacine; Djenouri, Djamel; Bouabdallah, Abdelmadjid; Badache, NadjibVehicular traffic is increasing around the world, especially in urban areas. This increase results in a huge traffic congestion, which has dramatic consequences on economy, human health, and environment. Traditional methods used for traffic management, surveillance and control become inefficient in terms of performance, cost, maintenance, and support, with the increased traffic. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an emergent technology with an effective potential to overcome these difficulties, and will have a great added value to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) overall. In this survey, we review traffic light projects and solutions. We discuss their architectural and engineering challenges, and shed some light on the future trends as well.