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Subject: search.filters.subject.Energy Harvesting

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    ADABCAST: ADAptive BroadCAST Approach for Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
    (IEEE, 2017-04) Khiati, Mustapha; Djenouri, Djamel
    The problem of message broadcasting from the base station (BS) to sensor nodes (SNs) in solar energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EHWSN) is considered in this paper. The aim is to ensure fast and reliable broadcasting without interfering with upstream communications (from SNs to BS), whilst taking into account energy harvesting constraints. An adaptive approach is proposed where the BS first selects the broadcast time slots, given a wake-up schedule for the SNs (the time slots where the SN are active and in receiving mode). Hence, the SNs adapt their schedules. This is then iterated seeking optimal selection of the broadcast time slots, so as to minimize broadcast overhead (transmitted messages) and latency. Our approach enables fast broadcast and eliminates the need for adding protocol overhead (redundancy), compared to the existing solutions. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Baum-Welch learning algorithm are used for this purpose. Numerical results confirm that our scheme performs the broadcast operation in less time, and by reducing the broadcast overhead, as compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
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    Energy Harvesting Aware Minimum Spanning Tree for Survivable WSN with Minimum Relay Node Addition
    (CERIST, 2016-08-31) Djenouri, Djamel; Bagaa, Miloud; Ali, Chelli; Balasingham, Ilangko
    Survivable wireless sensor networks that take advantage of green energy resources from the environment is considered in this paper. The particular problem of constrained relay nodes (RNs) placement to ensure communication coverage in the single-tiered topology while taking advantage of the energy harvesting potentials of sensor nodes (SNs) is dealt with. The contribution is to consider a realistic energy harvesting model where harvesting potentials may vary from one node to another. Without loss of generality, the energy model used in this paper is appropriate to wireless charging, but the proposed solution can be extended to the use of any energy harvesting technology. Based on this model, we propose a heuristic based on spanning tree calculation in an edge weighted graph model where the traffic routed at every node is proportional to its effective energy. RNs are added to help non-leaf nodes in the tree that cannot meet the defined survivability condition. A lower-bound of the proposed model is derived using integer linear programming. The proposed solution is compared by simulation to the single solution from the literature that treats the problem of RNs placement while considering energy harvesting capacity of SNs. A simplified model is used in the simulation to allow comparison. The performance results show that the proposed solution ensures survivability by adding a lower number of RNs.
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    Energy Harvesting Aware Relay Node Addition for Power-Efficient Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (CERIST, 2015-01-11) Djenouri, Djamel; Bagaa, Miloud
    This paper deals with power-efficient coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSN) by taking advantage of energyharvesting capabilities. A general scenario is considered for deployed networks with two types of sensor nodes, harvesting enabled nodes (HNs), and none-harvesting nodes (NHNs). The aim is to use only the HNs for relaying packets, while NHNs use will be limited to sensing and transmitting their own readings. The problem is modeled using graph theory and reduced to finding the minimum weighted connected dominating set in a vertex weighted graph. A limited number of relay nodes is added at the positions close to the NHNs in the resulted set. The weight function ensures minimizing the number of NHNs in the set, and thus reducing the relay nodes to be added. Our contribution is to consider relay node placement (addition) in energy harvesting WSN, where only HNs are used to forward packets. This is to preserve the limited energy of NHNs. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed relay node addition strategy prolongs the network lifetime, from the double, to factors of several tens of times. This is at a reasonable cost in terms of the number of relay nodes added, which is compared to a lower-bound derived in the paper.