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    SEIF: Secure and Efficient Intrusion-Fault Tolerant Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (IEEE, 2008-03) Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Challal, Yacine; Lasla, Noureddine; Bagaa, Miloud
    In wireless sensor networks, reliability represents a design goal of a primary concern. To build a comprehensive reliable system, it is essential to consider node failures and intruder attacks as unavoidable phenomena. In this paper, we present a new intrusion-fault tolerant routing scheme offering a high level of reliability through a secure multi-path communication topology. Unlike existing intrusion-fault tolerant solutions, our protocol is based on a distributed and in-network verification scheme, which does not require any referring to the base station. Furthermore, it employs a new multi-path selection scheme seeking to enhance the tolerance of the network and conserve the energy of sensors. Extensive simulations with Tiny OS showed that our approach improves the overall Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) while conserving the energy resources of sensors.
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    Secure and efficient disjoint multipath construction for fault tolerant routing in wireless sensor networks
    (Elsevier, 2011-07) Challal, Yacine; Ouadjaout, Abdelraouf; Lasla, Noureddine; Bagaa, Miloud; Abdelkarim, Hadjidj
    In wireless sensor networks, reliability is a design goal of a primary concern. To build a comprehensive reliable system, it is essential to consider node failures and intruder attacks as unavoidable phenomena. In this paper, we present a new intrusion-fault tolerant routing scheme offering a high level of reliability through a secure multipath routing construction. Unlike existing intrusion-fault tolerant solutions, our protocol is based on a distributed and in-network verification scheme, which does not require any referring to the base station. Furthermore, it employs a new multipath selection scheme seeking to enhance the tolerance of the network and conserve the energy of sensors. Extensive analysis and simulations using TinyOS showed that our approach improves many important performance metrics such as: the mean time to failure of the network, detection overhead of some security attacks, energy consumption, and resilience.
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    LOCALMOR: LOCALized Multi-Objective Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (IEEE, 2009-09) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
    This paper proposes a multi-objective quality of service (QoS) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The protocol takes into account the traffic diversity typical for many applications and provides a differentiation in routing using QoS metrics. It ensures several QoS metrics for different traffic categories, and attempts for each packet to fulfill the required metrics in a power-aware and localized way. It employs memory and computation efficient estimators in a distributed manner and uses a multi-sink single-path approach to increase reliability. The main contribution of this paper is data traffic based QoS with regard to all the considered QoS metrics. As far as we know, this protocol is the first that makes use of the diversity in the data traffic while considering latency, reliability, residual energy in the sensor nodes, and transmission power between nodes and casts QoS metrics as a multi-objective problem. The proposed algorithm can operate with any MAC protocol, provided that it employs an ACK mechanism. Simulation results show the proposed protocol outperforms all compared state-of-the-art QoS and localized routing protocols.