CERIST DL :: Browsing by Author "Balasingham, Ilangko"

Browsing by Author "Balasingham, Ilangko"

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Brief Announcement on MOGRIBA: Multi-Objective Geographical Routing for Biomedical Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
(LNCS, 2009-07) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
A new routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol focuses on medical applications, by considering its traffic diversity and providing a differentiation routing using quality of service (QoS) metrics. The design is based on modular and scalable approach, where the protocol operates in a distributed, localized, computation and memory efficient way. The main contribution of this paper is data traffic based QoS with regard to all the considered QoS metrics, notably reliability, latency, and energy. To our best knowledge, this protocol is the first that makes use of the diversity in the data traffic while considering latency, reliability, residual energy in the sensor nodes, and transmission power between sensor nodes as QoS metrics of the multi-objective problem. Simulation study comparing the protocol with state-of-the QoS and geographical routing protocols shows that it outperforms all the compared protocols.
CoP4V : Context-Based Protocol for Vehicle's Safety in Highways Using Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE, 2009-04) Subramaniana, Sattanathan; Djenouri, Djamel; Sindre, Guttorm; Balasingham, Ilangko
Safety is evergreen vital criteria for road traffic. We propose an infrastructureless solution based on contexts to increase safety of vehicle. Contexts characterize and track the moving environment of a vehicle. Here, environment means the vehiclepsilas own status like geographical position, break-controlpsilas functional status, driverpsilas status etc., and the status of neighboring vehicles. Contexts make use of wireless sensors for getting the environmental data. Sensors feed their data continuously to contexts. Contexts keep them as system understandable information. The status of a vehicle is continuously broadcasted to other vehicles. Safety-decisions are derived based on contexts that are available in a vehicle. We have also provided an algorithm for our context-based solution. Finally, safety calculations are given for overtaking decisions through some linear equations.
Energy Harvesting Aware Minimum Spanning Tree for Survivable WSN with Minimum Relay Node Addition
(CERIST, 2016-08-31) Djenouri, Djamel; Bagaa, Miloud; Ali, Chelli; Balasingham, Ilangko
Survivable wireless sensor networks that take advantage of green energy resources from the environment is considered in this paper. The particular problem of constrained relay nodes (RNs) placement to ensure communication coverage in the single-tiered topology while taking advantage of the energy harvesting potentials of sensor nodes (SNs) is dealt with. The contribution is to consider a realistic energy harvesting model where harvesting potentials may vary from one node to another. Without loss of generality, the energy model used in this paper is appropriate to wireless charging, but the proposed solution can be extended to the use of any energy harvesting technology. Based on this model, we propose a heuristic based on spanning tree calculation in an edge weighted graph model where the traffic routed at every node is proportional to its effective energy. RNs are added to help non-leaf nodes in the tree that cannot meet the defined survivability condition. A lower-bound of the proposed model is derived using integer linear programming. The proposed solution is compared by simulation to the single solution from the literature that treats the problem of RNs placement while considering energy harvesting capacity of SNs. A simplified model is used in the simulation to allow comparison. The performance results show that the proposed solution ensures survivability by adding a lower number of RNs.
LOCALMOR: LOCALized Multi-Objective Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE, 2009-09) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
This paper proposes a multi-objective quality of service (QoS) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The protocol takes into account the traffic diversity typical for many applications and provides a differentiation in routing using QoS metrics. It ensures several QoS metrics for different traffic categories, and attempts for each packet to fulfill the required metrics in a power-aware and localized way. It employs memory and computation efficient estimators in a distributed manner and uses a multi-sink single-path approach to increase reliability. The main contribution of this paper is data traffic based QoS with regard to all the considered QoS metrics. As far as we know, this protocol is the first that makes use of the diversity in the data traffic while considering latency, reliability, residual energy in the sensor nodes, and transmission power between nodes and casts QoS metrics as a multi-objective problem. The proposed algorithm can operate with any MAC protocol, provided that it employs an ACK mechanism. Simulation results show the proposed protocol outperforms all compared state-of-the-art QoS and localized routing protocols.
Machine Learning for Smart Building Applications: Review and Taxonomy
(ACM, 2019-03) Djenouri, Djamel; Laidi, Roufaida; Djenouri, Youcef; Balasingham, Ilangko
The use of machine learning (ML) in smart building applications is reviewed in this paper. We split existing solutions into two main classes, occupant-centric vs. energy/devices centric. The first class groups solutions that use ML for aspects related to the occupants, including (1) occupancy estimation and identification, (2) activity recognition, and (3) estimating preferences and behavior. The second class groups solutions that use ML to estimate aspects related either to energy or devices. They are divided into three categories, (1) energy profiling and demand estimation, (2) appliances profiling and fault detection, and (3) inference on sensors. Solutions in each category are presented, discussed and compared, as well as open perspectives and research trends. Compared to related state-of-the-art survey papers, the contribution herein is to provide a comprehensive and holistic review from the ML perspectives rather than architectural and technical aspects of existing building management systems. This is by considering all types of ML tools, buildings, and several categories of applications, and by structuring the taxonomy accordingly. The paper ends with a summary discussion of the presented works, with focus on lessons learned, challenges, open and future directions of research in this field.
Machine Learning for Smart Building Applications: Review and Taxonomy
(ACM, 2019-03) Djenouri, Djamel; Laidi, Roufaida; Djenouri, Youcef; Balasingham, Ilangko
The use of machine learning (ML) in smart building applications is reviewed in this paper. We split existing solutions into two main classes, occupant-centric vs. energy/devices centric. The first class groups solutions that use ML for aspects related to the occupants, including (1) occupancy estimation and identification, (2) activity recognition, and (3) estimating preferences and behavior. The second class groups solutions that use ML to estimate aspects related either to energy or devices. They are divided into three categories, (1) energy profiling and demand estimation, (2) appliances profiling and fault detection, and (3) inference on sensors. Solutions in each category are presented, discussed and compared, as well as open perspectives and research trends. Compared to related state-of-the-art survey papers, the contribution herein is to provide a comprehensive and holistic review from the ML perspectives rather than architectural and technical aspects of existing building management systems. This is by considering all types of ML tools, buildings, and several categories of applications, and by structuring the taxonomy accordingly. The paper ends with a summary discussion of the presented works, with focus on lessons learned, challenges, open and future directions of research in this field.
New QoS and Geographical Routing in Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks
(IEEE, 2009-09) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
In this paper we deal with biomedical applications of wireless sensor networks, and propose a new quality of service (QoS) routing protocol. The protocol design relies on traffic diversity of these applications and ensures a differentiation routing using QoS metrics. It is based on modular and scalable approach, where the protocol operates in a distributed, localized, computation and memory efficient way. The data traffic is classified into several categories according to the required QoS metrics, where different routing metrics and techniques are accordingly suggested for each category. The protocol attempts for each packet to fulfill the required QoS metrics in a power-aware way, by locally selecting the best candidate. It employs memory and computation efficient estimators, and uses a multi-sink single-path approach to increase reliability. The main contribution of this paper is data traffic based QoS with regard to all the considered QoS metrics. To our best knowledge, this protocol is the first that makes use of the diversity in the data traffic while considering latency, reliability residual energy in the sensor nodes, and transmission power between sensor nodes as QoS metrics of the multi-objective problem. The proposed algorithm can operate with any MAC protocol, provided that it employs an ACK mechanism. Performance evaluation through a simulation study, comparing the new protocol with state-of-the QoS and localized protocols, show that it outperforms all the compared protocols.
One-Step Approach for Two-Tiered Constrained Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE Communications Society, 2016-06) Cheli, Ali; Bagaa, Miloud; Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko; Taleb, Tarik
We consider in this letter the problem of constrained relay node (RN) placement where sensor nodes must be connected to base stations by using a minimum number of RNs. The latter can only be deployed at a set of predefined locations, and the two-tiered topology is considered where only RNs are responsible for traffic forwarding. We propose a one-step constrained RN placement (OSRP) algorithm which yields a network tree. The performance of OSRP in terms of the number of added RNs is investigated in a simulation study by varying the network density, the number of sensor nodes, and the number of candidate RN positions. The results show that OSRP outperforms the only algorithm in the literature for two-tiered constrained RNs placement.
Optimal Placement of Relay Nodes Over Limited Positions in Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE, 2017-04) Bagaa, Miloud; Cheli, Ali; Djenouri, Djamel; Taleb, Tarik; Balasingham, Ilangko; Kansanen, Kimmo
This paper tackles the challenge of optimally placing relay nodes (RNs) in wireless sensor networks given a limited set of positions. The proposed solution consists of: 1) the usage of a realistic physical layer model based on a Rayleigh blockfading channel; 2) the calculation of the signal-to-interferenceplus- noise ratio (SINR) considering the path loss, fast fading, and interference; and 3) the usage of a weighted communication graph drawn based on outage probabilities determined from the calculated SINR for every communication link. Overall, the proposed solution aims for minimizing the outage probabilities when constructing the routing tree, by adding a minimum number of RNs that guarantee connectivity. In comparison to the state-of-the art solutions, the conducted simulations reveal that the proposed solution exhibits highly encouraging results at a reasonable cost in terms of the number of added RNs. The gain is proved high in terms of extending the network lifetime, reducing the end-to-end- delay, and increasing the goodput.
Power-Aware QoS Geographical Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks - Implementation using Contiki
(IEEE, 2010-06) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
This paper presents the design and implementation of a new geographical quality of service (QoS) routing for wireless sensor networks. The protocol is based on traffic differentiation and provides customized QoS according to the traffic requirement. For each packet, the protocol attempts to fulfill the required data-related QoS metric(s) while considering power-efficiency. The data related metrics include packet latency and reliability, while power-efficiency has been considered for both power transmission minimization and residual energy maximization (load balancing). The protocol has been implemented in real sensor motes using Contiki operating system, which offers many modules and has many features that facilitate efficient communication protocol implementation. The protocol was then evaluated in a testbed. The experimental results show good QoS performance, and particularly, traffic-differentiation QoS as expected, i.e., QoS-sensitive packets were routed with better performances than regular packets. The protocol is generic and applies to any application with traffic requiring different QoS, such as in biomedical and vehicular applications.
Traffic-Differentiation-Based Modular QoS Localized Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE Computer Society, 2011-06) Djenouri, Djamel; Balasingham, Ilangko
A new localized quality of service (QoS) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol targets WSN's applications having different types of data traffic. It is based on differentiating QoS requirements according to the data type, which enables to provide several and customized QoS metrics for each traffic category. With each packet, the protocol attempts to fulfill the required data-related QoS metric(s) while considering power efficiency. It is modular and uses geographical information, which eliminates the need of propagating routing information. For link quality estimation, the protocol employs distributed, memory and computation efficient mechanisms. It uses a multisink single-path approach to increase reliability. To our knowledge, this protocol is the first that makes use of the diversity in data traffic while considering latency, reliability, residual energy in sensor nodes, and transmission power between nodes to cast QoS metrics as a multiobjective problem. The proposed protocol can operate with any medium access control (MAC) protocol, provided that it employs an acknowledgment (ACK) mechanism. Extensive simulation study with scenarios of 900 nodes shows the proposed protocol outperforms all comparable state-of-the-art QoS and localized routing protocols. Moreover, the protocol has been implemented on sensor motes and tested in a sensor network testbed.

Browsing by Author "Balasingham, Ilangko"

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